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<title>Ronga language</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ronga language</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="Rongga_language" title="Rongga language">Rongga language</a> of central <a href="Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a>, <a href="Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Ronga</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">720,000 (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>?

<a href="Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Atlantic–Congo languages">Atlantic–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Volta-Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Volta-Congo">Volta-Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Benue%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Benue–Congo languages">Benue–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Bantoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantoid">Bantoid</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Southern_Bantoid_languages" title="Southern Bantoid languages">Southern Bantoid</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Southern_Bantu_languages" title="Southern Bantu languages">Southern Bantu</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="Tswa%E2%80%93Ronga_languages" title="Tswa–Ronga languages">Tswa–Ronga</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Ronga</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/rng" class="extiw external" title="iso639-3:rng">rng</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/rong1268">rong1268</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie code</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>S.54</code><sup id="cite_ref-Guthrie_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guthrie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguasphere.info/?page=linguascale&linguacode=99-AUT-dd">99-AUT-dd</a><br>incl. varieties <br>99-AUT-dda...-dde</td></tr><tr></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">

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<p><b>Ronga,</b> also known as <b>XiRonga</b> and <b>Xizronga</b> is a <a href="Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu language</a> spoken in <a href="Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> in <a href="Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>. It extends slightly into <a href="South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. The Xizronga language has its own dialects, which are: Xinondzrwana, Xizingili, Xihlanganu and Xilwandle.

</p><p>The Swiss philologist <a href="Henri-Alexandre_Junod" title="Henri-Alexandre Junod">Henri-Alexandre Junod</a> seems to have been the first linguist to have studied it, in the late 19th century.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2></div>

<p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<th>

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<th><a href="Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a>

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<th><a href="Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a>

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<th><a href="Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a>

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<th colspan="2"><a href="Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labio-</a>(<a href="Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">dental</a>)

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<th colspan="2"><a href="Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a>

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<th colspan="2"><a href="Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a>

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<th colspan="2"><a href="Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Post-alveolar</a>

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<th colspan="2"><a href="Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a>

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<th colspan="2"><a href="Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a>/

<p><a href="Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a>

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<th><small>plain</small>

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<th><small>plain</small>

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<th><small>plain</small>

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<th><small>plain</small>

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<th><small>plain</small>

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<th><small>plain</small>

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<th rowspan="2"><a href="Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a>

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<th><small>voiced</small>

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<th><small>breathy</small>

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<th><small>voiceless</small>

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<th><small>aspirated</small>

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<th><small>voiced</small>

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<th><small>breathy</small>

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<th><small>non-pulmonic</small>

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<th rowspan="4"><a href="Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a>

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<th><small>voiceless</small>

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<th><small>aspirated</small>

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<th><small>voiced</small>

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<td>

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<th><small>breathy</small>

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<th rowspan="3"><a href="Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a>

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<th><small>voiceless</small>

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<th><small>voiced</small>

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<th><small>breathy</small>

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<th rowspan="2"><a href="Sonorant" title="Sonorant">Sonorant</a>

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<th><small>voiced</small>

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<th><small>breathy</small>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabet">Alphabet</h2></div>

<p>Its alphabet is similar to that of <a href="Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a> as provided by <a href="Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> missionaries and <a href="Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> settlers.

</p>

<caption>Methodist alphabet

</caption>

<th>Letter

</th>

<td>Ẑ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Value

</th>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<caption>1989 alphabet<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</caption>

<th>Letter

</th>

<td>Zw

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Value

</th>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2></div>

<p>Ronga is grammatically so close to <a href="Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a> in many ways that census officials have often considered it a dialect; its noun class system is very similar and its verbal forms are almost identical. Its most immediately noticeable difference is a much greater influence from Portuguese, due to being centred near the capital Maputo (formerly Lourenço Marques).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2></div>

<p>The first book to be published in Ronga was the Gospel of John translated mainly by Henri Berthoud from the Swiss Romande Mission. It was published by the <a href="British_and_Foreign_Bible_Society" title="British and Foreign Bible Society">British and Foreign Bible Society</a> in 1896. Further translation was done by Pierre Loze from Mission Romande (Swiss Romande Mission) and H.L. Bishop (Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society), assisted by Jeremia Caetano and Efraim Hely. The New Testament was published in 1903, and the whole Bible was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1923.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/rng" class="extiw external" title="incubator:Wp/rng">Ronga language test</a></b></i> of <a href="Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw external" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div>

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<li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/rng/">Ronga</a> at <i><a href="Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Guthrie-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guthrie_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203191542/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf">New Updated Guthrie List Online</a></span>

</li>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/inventories/view/1546">"PHOIBLE 2.0 -"</a>. <i>phoible.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/MozaSource.htm">"Table from 'I Seminario sobre a Padronizacão da Ortografia de Línguas Moçambicanas'"</a>. <i>www.bisharat.net</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<p><br>

</p>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Mozambique97" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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</style><div id="Languages_of_Mozambique97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Languages_of_Mozambique" title="Languages of Mozambique">Languages of Mozambique</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mozambican_Portuguese" title="Mozambican Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barwe_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Barwe language">Barwe</a></li>

<li><a href="Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa</a></li>

<li><a href="Chopi_language" title="Chopi language">Chichopi</a></li>

<li><a href="Tonga_language_(Zambia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonga language (Zambia)">Chitonga</a></li>

<li><a href="Chuwabu_language" title="Chuwabu language">Chuwabu</a></li>

<li><a href="Tonga_language_(Mozambique)" title="Tonga language (Mozambique)">Gitonga</a></li>

<li><a href="Mwani_language" title="Mwani language">Kimwani</a></li>

<li><a href="Kunda_language" title="Kunda language">Kunda</a></li>

<li><a href="Lomwe_language" title="Lomwe language">Lomwe</a></li>

<li><a href="Maindo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maindo language">Maindo</a></li>

<li><a href="Makhuwa_language" title="Makhuwa language">Makhuwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Makonde</a></li>

<li><a href="Makwe_language" title="Makwe language">Makwe</a></li>

<li><a href="Manyika_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manyika language">Manyika</a></li>

<li><a href="Nathembo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathembo language">Nathembo</a></li>

<li><a href="Ngoni_language" title="Ngoni language">Ngoni</a></li>

<li><a href="Nsenga_language" title="Nsenga language">Nsenga</a></li>

<li><a href="Nyungwe_language" title="Nyungwe language">Nyungwe</a></li>

<li><a href="Phimbi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Phimbi language">Phimbi</a></li>

<li><a href="Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona</a></li>

<li><a href="Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></li>

<li><a href="Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swati</a></li>

<li><a href="Tawara_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawara language">Tawara</a></li>

<li><a href="Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a></li>

<li><a href="Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mozambican_Sign_Language" title="Mozambican Sign Language">Mozambican Sign Language</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N–S)_(by_Guthrie_classification)799" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Narrow_Bantu_languages_(Zones_N–S)_(by_Guthrie_classification)799" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Narrow <a href="Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu languages</a> (Zones N–S) (by <a href="Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>N11 <a href="Manda-Matumba_language" title="Manda-Matumba language">Manda</a></li>

<li>N12 <a href="Ngoni_language" title="Ngoni language">Ngoni</a></li>

<li>N13 <a href="Matengo_language" title="Matengo language">Matengo</a></li>

<li>N14 <a href="Mpoto_language" title="Mpoto language">Mpoto</a></li>

<li>N15 <a href="Tonga_language_(Malawi)" title="Tonga language (Malawi)">Tonga</a></li>

<li>[N101 <a href="Ndendeule_language" title="Ndendeule language">Ndendeule</a></li>

<li>N102 <a href="Nindi_language" title="Nindi language">Nindi</a></li>

<li>N121 <a href="Ngoni_language" title="Ngoni language">Ngoni of Malawi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>N21 <a href="Tumbuka_language" title="Tumbuka language">Tumbuka</a></li>

<li>[N201 <a href="Mbamba_Bay_language" title="Mbamba Bay language">Mwera of Mbamba Bay</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>N31a <a href="Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Nyanja</a></li>

<li>N31c <a href="Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Manganja</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>N41 <a href="Nsenga_language" title="Nsenga language">Nsenga</a></li>

<li>N42 <a href="Kunda_language" title="Kunda language">Kunda</a></li>

<li>N43 <a href="Nyungwe_language" title="Nyungwe language">Nyungwe</a></li>

<li>N46[44] <a href="Sena_language" title="Sena language">Podzo</a></li>

<li>[N441 <a href="Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena-Malawi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone P</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>P11 <a href="Ndengereko_language" title="Ndengereko language">Ndengereko</a></li>

<li>P12 <a href="Ndengereko_language" title="Ndengereko language">Ruihi</a></li>

<li>P13 <a href="Matumbi_language" title="Matumbi language">Matumbi</a></li>

<li>P14 <a href="Ngindo_language" title="Ngindo language">Ngindo</a></li>

<li>P15 <a href="Mbunga_language" title="Mbunga language">Mbunga</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>P22 <a href="Mwera_language" title="Mwera language">Mwera</a></li>

<li>P23 <a href="Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Makonde</a></li>

<li>P24 <a href="Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Ndonde</a></li>

<li>P25 <a href="Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Mabiha</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>P31 <a href="Makhuwa_language" title="Makhuwa language">Makua</a></li>

<li>P32 <a href="Lomwe_language" title="Lomwe language">Lomwe</a></li>

<li>P33 <a href="Lomwe_language" title="Lomwe language">Ngulu</a></li>

<li>P34 <a href="Chuwabu_language" title="Chuwabu language">Cuabo</a></li>

<li>P312 <a href="Nathembo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathembo language">Sakati</a></li>

<li>P331 <a href="Malawi_Lomwe_language" title="Malawi Lomwe language">Lomwe of Malawi</a></li>

<li>P341 <a href="Moniga_language" title="Moniga language">Moniga</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>R11 <a href="Umbundu" title="Umbundu">Umbundu</a></li>

<li>R12 <a href="Ndombe_language" title="Ndombe language">Ndombe</a></li>

<li>R13 <a href="Nyaneka_language" title="Nyaneka language">Nyaneka</a></li>

<li>R14 <a href="Nkumbi_language" title="Nkumbi language">Khumbi</a></li>

<li>[R101 <a href="Kuvale_language" title="Kuvale language">Kuvale</a></li>

<li>R102 <a href="Kwisi_people" title="Kwisi people">Kwisi</a></li>

<li>R103 <a href="Mbali_language" title="Mbali language">Mbali</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>R21 <a href="Kwanyama_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwanyama dialect">Kwanyama</a></li>

<li>R22 <a href="Ndonga_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndonga dialect">Ndonga</a></li>

<li>R23 <a href="Kwambi_dialect" title="Kwambi dialect">Kwambi</a></li>

<li>R24 <a href="Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Ngandyera</a></li>

<li>[R211 <a href="Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Kafima</a></li>

<li>R212 <a href="Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Evale</a></li>

<li>R213 <a href="Mbandja_language" title="Mbandja language">Mbandja</a></li>

<li>R214 <a href="Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Mbalanhu</a></li>

<li>R215 <a href="Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Ndongwena</a></li>

<li>R216 <a href="Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Kwankwa</a></li>

<li>R217 <a href="Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Dombondola</a></li>

<li>R218 <a href="Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Esinga</a></li>

<li>R241 <a href="Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Kwaluudhi</a></li>

<li>R242 <a href="Ovambo_language" title="Ovambo language">Kolonkadhi-Eunda</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>R31 <a href="Herero_language" title="Herero language">Herero</a></li>

<li>[R311 <a href="Zemba_language" title="Zemba language">North-West Herero</a></li>

<li>R312 <a href="Herero_language" title="Herero language">Botswana Herero</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone S</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>S11 <a href="Shona_language" title="Shona language">Korekore</a></li>

<li>S12 <a href="Shona_language" title="Shona language">Zezuru</a></li>

<li>S13a <a href="Manyika_dialect" title="Manyika dialect">Manyika</a></li>

<li>S14 <a href="Shona_language" title="Shona language">Karanga</a></li>

<li>S16 <a href="Kalanga_language" title="Kalanga language">Kalanga</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>S21 <a href="Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S30</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>S31a <a href="Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a></li>

<li>S31b <a href="Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Kgatla</a></li>

<li>S31c <a href="Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Ngwatu</a></li>

<li>S31d[311] <a href="Kgalagadi_language" title="Kgalagadi language">Khalaxadi</a></li>

<li>S32b <a href="Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Lobedu</a></li>

<li>S33 <a href="Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a></li>

<li>[S301 <a href="Northern_Sotho#Other_varieties_of_Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Phalaborwa</a></li>

<li>S302 <a href="Northern_Sotho#Other_varieties_of_Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Kutswe</a></li>

<li>S304 <a href="Northern_Sotho#Other_varieties_of_Northern_Sotho" title="Northern Sotho">Pulana</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>S41 <a href="Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a></li>

<li>S43 <a href="Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swati</a></li>

<li>S44 <a href="Northern_Ndebele_language" title="Northern Ndebele language">(Northern) Ndebele</a></li>

<li>[S401 <a href="Fengu_people" title="Fengu people">Old Mfengu</a></li>

<li>S402 <a href="Bhaca_language" title="Bhaca language">Bhaca</a></li>

<li>S403 <a href="Hlubi_language" title="Hlubi language">Hlubi</a></li>

<li>S404 <a href="Phuthi_language" title="Phuthi language">Phuthi</a></li>

<li>S405 <a href="Nhlangwini_language" title="Nhlangwini language">Nhlangwini</a></li>

<li>S407 <a href="Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">South Ndebele</a></li>

<li>S408 <a href="Sumayela_Ndebele_language" title="Sumayela Ndebele language">Sumayela Ndebele</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>S52[53] <a href="Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Gwamba</a></li>

<li>S53 <a href="Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a></li>

<li>[S511 <a href="Tswa_language" title="Tswa language">Hlengwe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>S62 <a href="Tonga_language_(Mozambique)" title="Tonga language (Mozambique)">Tonga</a></li>

<li>[S611 <a href="Chopi_language" title="Chopi language">Lenge</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a>.</li>

<li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul>

<ul><li>The <a href="Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages" title="Guthrie classification of Bantu languages">Guthrie classification</a> is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.</li></ul>

<dl><dt>Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates</dt>

<dd>Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)</dd>

<dd>Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)</dd>

<dd>Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)</dd>

<dd>Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)</dd>

<dd>Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)</dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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